Paediatrica Indonesiana, Vol. 63, No. 1, January 2023
Pediatric Residents’ Burnout in Indonesia: a National Survey During The Pandemic
Annang Giri Moelyo1, Ardi Findyartini2, Bambang Tridjaja3, Aryono Hendarto4
Abstract
Background. Visual acuity (VA) assessment is an important ocular examination to identify children with vision problems. Such early identification allows for early intervention to prevent childhood blindness.
Objective. To describe and compare VA measurements in pre-school children using two different visual acuity charts.
Methods. This cross sectional study in children aged 36-60 months was done in a low-income area in the Central Jakarta District as a collaboration between Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Child Health, Universitas Indonesia Medical School/ Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. All children under-went visual acuity examinations using Lea symbols and Tumbling E charts. The VA results from two charts were analyzed with Bland Altman plot for limits of agreement. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the differences between vision charts.
Results. A total of 113 children were enrolled, but only 38 completed the examinations. The mean age of subjects was 50.5 (SD 6.4) months. Overall, subjects’ mean VA was 0.29 (SD 0.18) for Lea symbols and 0.37 (SD 0.14) for Tumbling E. The mean difference of VA between Lea symbols and Tumbling E was 0.07 (SD 0.22) logMAR units, with upper and lower limits of agreement at 0.36 and 0.51, respectively. There was no significant difference in VA score using Lea symbols and Tumbling E based on gender and age.
Conclusion. Most preschool children in our study have normal visual acuity. Lea symbols and Tumbling E charts are comparable and can be used to efficiently measure VA in preschool children.
[Paediatr Indones. 2023;63:22-8; DOI : 10.14238/pi63.1.2022.22-8].
Keywords: visual acuity assessment; preschool children; Lea symbols; Tumbling E chart
From the Department of Pediatrics, Universitas Sebelas Maret Medical School, Surakarta, Central Java 1, Department of Medical Education 2, and Department of Child Health 3, Universitas Indonesia Medical School, and Indonesian Child Health Collegium,4 Jakarta, Indonesia
Corresponding author:
Annang Giri Moelyo, Department of Pediatrics, Universitas Sebelas Maret Medical School, Jalan Kolonel Soetarto 132, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Telp. +62 8122680984; Email: annanggm73@gmail.com.
Submitted December 19, 2021. Accepted March 2, 2023.